PMC

Induction of CER fluorescence by fermentation broths of antibiotic producers. The lawn of E. coli transformed with pRFPCER-TrpL2A grown after local spotting of fermentation broth of antibiotic producer strains S. venezuelae Ehrlich (chloramphenicol producer), S. fradiae (tylosin and neomycin producer), and S. griseus (streptomycin producer).

Organization of van genes orthologues in glycopeptide antibiotic (GPA) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of producers and metagenomics sequences: (A) family Pseudonocardiaceae: Amycolatopsis coloradensis DSM 44225 (GCF_001953865) – avoparcin producer (; ); Amycolatopsis decaplanina DSM 44594 (GCF_000342005, ) – decaplanin producer (); Amycolatopsis keratiniphila subsp. nogabecina DSM 44586 (=Amycolatopsis keratiniphila subsp. nogabecina FH1893, GCF_001953855) – nogabecin producer (); Amycolatopsis sp. MJM2582 (KF882511, ), Amycolatopsis lurida NRRL2430 (KJ364518, ), Amycolatopsis japonicum MG417-CF17 (CP008953, ) – ristocetin producers; Amycolatopsis sp. WAC4169 (JX576190, ) – producer of teicoplanin aglycone-like GPA; Amycolatopsis orientalis HCCB10007 (=Am. keratiniphila, GCA_000400635, ) and Amycolatopsis orientalis KCTC 9412 (=Am. orientalis DSM 40040, GCF_000478275, ) – vancomycin producers; Amycolatopsis orientalis CPCC200066 (=Am. orientalis B-37, NZ_CP016174, ) – norvancomycin producer; Amycolatopsis balhimycina DSM 5908 (Y16952, ) – balhimycin producer (; ); Kibdelosporangium aridum DSM 43828 (GCF_900176515) – the producer of kibdelins (), (B) genus Actinoplanes (please see main text for more details), (C) genus Nonomuraea (please see main text for more details), (D) genus Streptomyces (please see main text for more details); although S. coelicolor is not a GPA producer, organization of S. coelicolor van gene orthologues is also given, and (E) metagenomics sequences (please see main text for more details).

Flowchart for isolation of antibiotic no. 70. Antibiotic no. 70 was isolated from culture broth of the producer IMV-70 by extraction methods. The flowchart for the extraction that produces the powder preparation of compound no. 70 is shown in . The antibiotic no. 70 was isolated from culture broth by extraction with ethyl acetate, was subsequently purified from the inactive lipid fraction, and was extracted from the concentrated solution with hexane.